Russia+and+Japan

Yukichi Fukuzawa

Decembrist Revolt


 * Russia**
 * 1. __What was the Decemberist uprising? What were its causes and effects?__**
 * Occured in 1825 when there was a disagreement between the successor to Tsar Alexander I, who had no son. Leaders of this revolt were known to be very educated who fought for liberalization. This revolt failed and their leaders were executed in Siberia.**

__**2. What were the weaknesses of the Russian economy?**__
 * The Russian economy in general were not keeping pace with the rest of Europe by simply staying behind in advances in technology which caused them their trade to collapse. They increased their exports but not by any technique or brilliance but with putting more labor on the workers, or serfs, everyday schedule. Tensions grew but Russia remained an agricultural society based mainly on serf labor.**


 * 3. __What caused the Crimean War? what were its major efects?__**
 * A war fought between Russia, France, and Great Britain because of Nichalos I's provoking conflict with the ottoman empire in 1853. Russia argued that they were responsible for protecting christian interests in the Holy land, but britain was concerned of another nation advancing in their region of India, and france considered themselves the champions of Christians. Both sides suffered heavy losses, a massive number of 250,000 casaulties.**

__**4. Why were serfs emancipated? how did their emancipation differ from the emancipation of slaves in the U.S.? What changes did it create?**__ //**5 What were the Zemstvoes? How successful were they?**//
 * Besides the Fact that it was more generous than the American emancipation,** the french emancipation was created to

//**6.**// __**What was the significance of the Trans-Siberian railroad?**__

__**7. What economic reforms were enaced by Sergei Witte**__

__**8. What were the signs that Russia was headed to revolution? (think about - intelligentsia, anarchists, Marxists, Bolsheviks.)**__
 * Japan: Transformation without Revolution**

1. Explain major developments in Japan in the early 1800's Japan was able to combine existing strengths and traditions with significant reform. A long budget reform sport late in the 18th century built a successful momentum for a time, but a shorter effort between 1841-1843 was notably unsuccessful. this weakened the shogunate by the 1850s and hampered its response to the crisis induced by Western pressure. By 1859 more then 40% of all man + over 15% of all women were literate.

2. What effect did the actions of Commodore Perry have on Japan? (include details on Samurai discontent) Two ports were opened to commerce. No alternative but to open up Japan. Japanese grown impatient with strict isolation. Daimyos were opposed to the new concessions. Samurai opponents of the bureaucracy were appealing to the emperor.

3. List the actions taken by the Meiji State make Japan a democratic state with equality among all its people; boundaries between the social classes of were gradually broken down; samurai lost all their privileges; establishment of human rights (religious freedom); education system was reformed (compulsory edu); new army modelled;

4. Explain how Japan Industrialized - (Private and government roles) Army was further improved by upgrading armaments according to Western standards. New government banks funded growing trade and provided capital for industry. State built railroads spread across the country. New methods raised agricultural output to feed the people. Guilds and internal road tariffs were abolished to crate a mational market. Farmers helped motivate expansion of production and the introduction of new fertilizers and equipment.

5. List ways that Industrialization changed Japan Industrialization changed Japan because it generate a more aggressive foreign policy. Made Japan to go from massive population growth to steady population growth because of better nutritions and new medical provisions reduced death rates, and the cut on births. A universal education system which led to Japanese students going abroad to study technical subject in other countries.

6. What division within Japanese society were created by modernization? Many Japanese conservatives resented the passion other Japanese displayed for Western fashions. Disputes between generations, with the old clinging to traditional standards and the young more interested in Western styles.