Middle+East

Egypt and the Rise of Nationalism in the Middle East Nation was on the verge of declaring indepedence
 * Risings by Ahmed Orabi and others lead to British occupation in 1882, attempt to free Egyptians of Turkish overlords and Europeans.
 * Lord Cromer initiates economic and political reforms in Egypt, work mainly to aid middle- and elite classes at expense of mass population
 * The ayans were the landlords in rural areas,
 * British also relied on these ayans to extend control to rural areas.
 * Arabic newspapers begin to expose British corruption and mistakes to support of resistance. Also, several nationalist parties emerged in support.
 * Before WWI, the British made assassination attempts, for eample the Dinshawai incident.
 * shot wife of an imam by the British,
 * heavy losses during the clash

War and Nationalist Movements in the Middle East: Balfour Declaration. Palestine was promised to the zionests as part of the Balfour Declaration. mandates was the grants of land by powerful league of nations, Revolt in Egypt: Conflicting nationalisms:
 * during world war 1 the arabs were now resistaing european occupation and reliance, when trust wasnt present
 * Jamal Attaturk claims independecne by getting rid of the greeks
 * World zionest organization
 * Secret agreement between the British and French in Sykes Picot Agreement
 * Hussein tried to convinve the arabs to ight with the british against the turks but was later betrayed by the british, who did nott fullfill their promises
 * Turkish people expressed their wanting of a holy war which lead muslims to uprise
 * British martial law was declared
 * along with the wafd party
 * Sa'd Zaghlul proved nationalist with a focus for unified action
 * Zionist Palestine was supported by the holocaust
 * Violent Zionist resistance to the British presence in Palestine emerged.
 * The Haganah, spearheaded Zionist assaults.
 * Arab countries around disagreed and did not like the UN's involvement
 * this caused great tension


 * **Name of Leader: __Ruhullah Khomeini__** ||
 * **Lifespan** || **Title: Ayatollah** ||
 * **Country/region: Iran** || **Years in Power 1979-1989** ||
 * **Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power**


 * **Iran was divided into British and Soviet**
 * **Economic conditions under the oil-rich Iranian Shah made the people face lots of unemployment and oil prices**
 * **western reforms was a very religious approach**
 * **Khomeini was belonged to france**
 * **Iranian lower class was ruined** ||
 * **Ideology, Motivation, Goals:*** **Muslim Ummah attempted to bring back the old custom ways religious and government**
 * **decided to create a social order that was based on Islamic Sharia** ||
 * **Significant Actions & events During Term of Power**
 * **religious and social reforms were finalyy introduced**
 * **Iran being a muslim country attempted to distance themselves from commmunists and the westerbn world**
 * **theocracy was formed when islamic laws were put in order**
 * **Iraq was helped by the west and their technology during the war** ||
 * **Short-Term effects:**


 * || **Long-Term Effects**


 * **theocracy in islam was formed along with the social class and political reforms**
 * **people in iran no longe rliked the westerners** ||

Middle East Summary: throughout the mid 20th century, the middle east went through a variety of economic and political changes that also caused changes alter the wars. The very first egyptian uprising resulting in a scandle between british troops and egyptians villagers. Miny wars would continue thorughout the middle east until all of the region was against europena nations and any other were considered their allies, even considering the fact that europeans broke many promises before, during and after the wars were faught. The Turks found themselves gaining independence from the greeks and the person responsible for this was Attaturk. The growth of zionism was starting to spread, and it made its home in israel in the late 1940s. When oil became the best source during this time, the two most powerful oil drilling nations, U,S, and Britain knew that this was to be one theres and not the middle easts, because noth nations would end up loosing power. Educated middle east students begain to revolt, and not want wnat westernized ideas or machinary in their respected nations,which later spread nationalism to the middle east.