Decline


 * Civilizations in Crisis: Ottomas, Egypt, and China**

Ottoman Empire and Egypt
As industrialzed European nations were expanding their imperial possessions the Ottoman Empire and Egypt were in decline.

As you read pages 593-604 take notes in the chart below. Be sure to focus on causes of decline, European inervention and reform programs

-artison workers were being deterioted because of competition from imported manufactors from europe. - the dependence on europena supply coming in was sort of threat of nessecity for european power. - Ottomans proved to be weak because of leaders, and armies deprived of resources, wich caught the attention of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty and were later pushed out of hungray - Russia was main threat to ottomans sruvival -Russians gobbled up porrly defended ottomans lands - major uprising took place in Serbia wich lead to their independence. - Ottomans suffered centuries of defeat but mangaed to survive - Britain and Russia were now fighting for land from the fallen empire - survival reforms all depended on reforms from within its society, but did not look to change - Introduction of first printing press in 1727 - Sultan Selim III believed that bolders iniatives were needed if the dynasty and empire were to survive- - new steps were being taking on building a new army, and navy - Mahmud II succeed while Selim failed by building a secret professional army with the help of european advisors, and in 1826 he ordered his agents to incite a mutiny - Mahmud patterned his reform program on new western precedents rather than old one - Westernization became more pervasive at the upper levels - education was now being introduced and training in math and other sciences - few gained little from this reform such as women - radicals vs conservatives on new or old order. tensions were growing on this decision - Abdul Hamid responded to those wanting the westernization by nullifying the constitution and restricted civil liberties, especially the freedom of the press -Ottoman society for the union and progress was founded in paris 1889, which inculded officals who wated to restore the 1876 constitution and resume far-reaching reforms within the empire. YOung turks would have fared if it had not been for the start of ww1 || - The islamic world had been displaced by the west as the leading civilization in the wide range of endeavors, from the scientific world - Napoleons invasion of egypt in 1798 sent shock waves acroos the muslims and their countries. - natons were now being threatened by this - Napoleon went through the blockade of the british in the mediterranean and put ahsore his armies in july 1798 - Murad- the head of the coalition of Mamluk households that shared power in the rgypt at the time of Napoleon's arrival dismissed the invador - ignorance led to a series of battles, which led to a series battle that was fought beneath the pyramids of the ancient egyptian -The mamluks had long been seen as fighters of great prowess in the islamic world, their rout was traumatic - Napoleon was forced to abandon his army and sneak back to Paris where his enemies were trying to use his reverses on egypt. - Muhammad ali merged as the new ruler of egypt - Muhammads successor made a muddle of his efforts to reform and revitalize egyptian society. ||
 * Ottoman Retreat and the Birth of Turkey || Western Intrusions and Crisis: Egypt ||
 * - Weak rulers, with social order that was centered on sultan

Read Western Dominance and the Decline of Civilations(IN DEPTH P.596-597)

The Qing Empire
As you read 604 to 611 take outline notes on the Rise and Fall of the Qing Empire. Be sure to include Main Ideas for each subtopic and to highlight key terms.